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Abstract
We report the case of a 16 years old adolescent male admitted in the pediatric unit of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital for severe malaria with convulsions. On the second day of admission he developed with abundant epistaxis which led to severe anemia. After investigations, malaria induced- thrombocytopenia was retained as cause of the epistaxis. Management included quinine infusions for the malaria, and transfusions with fresh whole blood, direct nasal compressions with gauze pledgets. The outcome was favorable and the patient was discharged on the 11th day of admission day.
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References
- World Health Organisation. Management of severe malaria : a practical handbook. – 2nd edition, 2000. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
- World Health Organisation. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 2006. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
- Institut National de la Statistique (INS) et ORC Macro 2004. Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Cameroun 2004. Calverton, Maryland, USA : INS et ORC Macro.
- World Health Organisation. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 2nd edition, 2010. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
- Ministère de la Santé Publique. Guide de prise en charge du paludisme au Cameroun : A l’usage du personnel de sante. 2013.
- World Health Organisation. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000; 94: S1/1-S1/90.
- Lacerda MV, Mourão MP, Coelho HC, Santos JB. Thrombocytopenia in malaria: who cares? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106 Suppl 1:52-63.
- Dharmeshkumar NP, Pradeep P, Surti MM, Agarwal SB. Clinical manifestations of complicated malaria – an overview. JIACM. 2003; 4(4): 323-31.
- Viljoen J. Epistaxis in children: approach and management. CME 2003 Nov/Dec;21(11):664-9.
- Messner AH. Epidemiology and etiology of epistaxis in children. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-epistaxis-in-children (Accessed 25/9/2013).
- Ansari S, Khoharo HK, Abro A, Akhund IA, Qureshi F. Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009 Apr-Jun;21(2):145-7.
- Stasi R. How to approach thrombocytopenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012:191-7.
- Maina RN, Walsh D, Gaddy C, Hongo G, Waitumbi J, Otieno L, Jones D, Ogutu BR. Impact of Plasmodium falciparum infection on haematological parameters in children living in Western Kenya. Malar J. 2010 Dec 13;9 Suppl 3:S4.
- Coelho HC, Lopes SC, Pimentel JP, Nogueira PA, Costa FT, Siqueira AM, et al. Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria is related to platelets phagocytosis. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63410.
- Kumar A, Shashirekha. Thrombocytopenia--an indicator of acute vivax malaria. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006 Oct;49(4):505-8.
- Saravu K, Docherla M, Vasudev A, Shastry BA. Thrombocytopenia in vivax and falciparum malaria: an observational study of 131 patients in Karnataka, India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011 Dec;105(8):593-8.
- Jadhav UM, Patkar VS, Kadam NN. Thrombocytopenia in malaria- correlation with type and severity of malaria. J Assoc Physicians India. 2004 Aug;52:615-8.
- Shiraz Jamal Khan, Yasir Abbass, Mumtaz Ali Marwat. Thrombocytopenia as an indicator of malaria in adult population. Malar Res Treat. 2012; 2012: 405981.
- Kochar DK, Tanwar GS, Khatri PC, Kochar SK, Sengar GS, Gupta A, et al. Clinical features of children hospitalized with malaria--a study from Bikaner, northwest India. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Nov;83(5):981-9.
- Kelton JG, Keystone J, Moore J, Denomme G, Tozman E, Glynn M, et al. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia of malaria. J Clin Invest. 1983 April; 71(4): 832–6.
- Sandro P, Danilo RM, Bruno AQ, Michelli ES, Ana CM, Paula SO,et al. Oxidative stress in malaria oxidative stress in malaria. Int J Mol Sci. 2012; 13(12): 16346-72.
- Bougie DW, Wilker PR, Aster RH. Patients with quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia have both "drug-dependent" and "drug-specific" antibodies. Blood. 2006 Aug ;108(3):922-7.
- Mohamed M, Hayes R. Quinine-induced severe thrombocytopenia: the importance of taking a detailed drug history.
- Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook. Third Edition, 2012. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
- Tassawar Hussain, Syed Waqar A, Syeda Fatimah Z. Reactive thrombocytosis following acute infection and pancytopenia. PAFMJ Issue. 2008 June (2).
- Cecinati V, Brescia L, Esposito S. Thrombocytosis and infections in childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Jan;31(1):80-1.
References
World Health Organisation. Management of severe malaria : a practical handbook. – 2nd edition, 2000. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
World Health Organisation. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 2006. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Institut National de la Statistique (INS) et ORC Macro 2004. Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Cameroun 2004. Calverton, Maryland, USA : INS et ORC Macro.
World Health Organisation. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 2nd edition, 2010. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Ministère de la Santé Publique. Guide de prise en charge du paludisme au Cameroun : A l’usage du personnel de sante. 2013.
World Health Organisation. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000; 94: S1/1-S1/90.
Lacerda MV, Mourão MP, Coelho HC, Santos JB. Thrombocytopenia in malaria: who cares? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106 Suppl 1:52-63.
Dharmeshkumar NP, Pradeep P, Surti MM, Agarwal SB. Clinical manifestations of complicated malaria – an overview. JIACM. 2003; 4(4): 323-31.
Viljoen J. Epistaxis in children: approach and management. CME 2003 Nov/Dec;21(11):664-9.
Messner AH. Epidemiology and etiology of epistaxis in children. Available at: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-epistaxis-in-children (Accessed 25/9/2013).
Ansari S, Khoharo HK, Abro A, Akhund IA, Qureshi F. Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009 Apr-Jun;21(2):145-7.
Stasi R. How to approach thrombocytopenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012:191-7.
Maina RN, Walsh D, Gaddy C, Hongo G, Waitumbi J, Otieno L, Jones D, Ogutu BR. Impact of Plasmodium falciparum infection on haematological parameters in children living in Western Kenya. Malar J. 2010 Dec 13;9 Suppl 3:S4.
Coelho HC, Lopes SC, Pimentel JP, Nogueira PA, Costa FT, Siqueira AM, et al. Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria is related to platelets phagocytosis. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63410.
Kumar A, Shashirekha. Thrombocytopenia--an indicator of acute vivax malaria. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006 Oct;49(4):505-8.
Saravu K, Docherla M, Vasudev A, Shastry BA. Thrombocytopenia in vivax and falciparum malaria: an observational study of 131 patients in Karnataka, India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011 Dec;105(8):593-8.
Jadhav UM, Patkar VS, Kadam NN. Thrombocytopenia in malaria- correlation with type and severity of malaria. J Assoc Physicians India. 2004 Aug;52:615-8.
Shiraz Jamal Khan, Yasir Abbass, Mumtaz Ali Marwat. Thrombocytopenia as an indicator of malaria in adult population. Malar Res Treat. 2012; 2012: 405981.
Kochar DK, Tanwar GS, Khatri PC, Kochar SK, Sengar GS, Gupta A, et al. Clinical features of children hospitalized with malaria--a study from Bikaner, northwest India. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Nov;83(5):981-9.
Kelton JG, Keystone J, Moore J, Denomme G, Tozman E, Glynn M, et al. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia of malaria. J Clin Invest. 1983 April; 71(4): 832–6.
Sandro P, Danilo RM, Bruno AQ, Michelli ES, Ana CM, Paula SO,et al. Oxidative stress in malaria oxidative stress in malaria. Int J Mol Sci. 2012; 13(12): 16346-72.
Bougie DW, Wilker PR, Aster RH. Patients with quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia have both "drug-dependent" and "drug-specific" antibodies. Blood. 2006 Aug ;108(3):922-7.
Mohamed M, Hayes R. Quinine-induced severe thrombocytopenia: the importance of taking a detailed drug history.
Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook. Third Edition, 2012. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Tassawar Hussain, Syed Waqar A, Syeda Fatimah Z. Reactive thrombocytosis following acute infection and pancytopenia. PAFMJ Issue. 2008 June (2).
Cecinati V, Brescia L, Esposito S. Thrombocytosis and infections in childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Jan;31(1):80-1.