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Abstract
Introduction and aim.
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape and often shows itself by chronic hemolytic anemia. Patients are exposed to multiple blood transfusions throughout their life with a higher risk of contacting viruses such as major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence HIV infection in sickle cell patient accounting the number of received transfusions.
Patients and methods
This was a cross sectional analytical study performed on the sickle cell patients of the sickle cell clinic of the Yaounde Central Hospital from July 2008 to January 2009. Sociodemographic data, transfusion history were recorded. A serological testing with ELISA method was done.
Results:
Hundred and eight (108) patients were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. More than half (52.78%) was male and the mean age of patients was 21+/-9 years (5-47).
HIV antibodies were found in six patients (5,6%). Five of 6 infected patients were Female (p = 0.028). All HIV positive patients have already been transfused and HIV seropositivity increased with the number of blood transfusions (r = 0.24, P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
These results show the vulnerability of the polytransfused patients with sickle cell anemia towards HIV infection and the necessity of strengthening the transfusional safety policy.
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References
- Mbopi Keou F-X, Belec F, Esungue PM et al. World health Organization clinical case definition for AIDS in Africa: an analysis of evaluations. East African Medical Journal 1992. 69: 550-553.
- Belec L, Brogean T, Mbopi Keou F X et al. AIDS surveillance in Africa: an analysis of evaluations of the world health organization clinical case definition and other clinical definitions for AIDS. Epidemiologic Reviews 1994, 16: 403-447.
- Rapport national de suivi de la déclaration politique sur le VIH/SIDA Cameroun 30 mars 2012. Comité National de Lutte contre le SIDA /Groupe Technique Central.
- Tagny CT, Mbanya D, Leballais L et al. Reduction of the risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by using an HIV antigen/antibody combination assay in blood donation screening in Cameroon. Transfusion 2011; 51(1):184-90
- Segbena A-Y, Prince-David M, Samdapa Winde Kagone T et al. Virus de l’immunodéficience humaine et virus des hépatites virales C et B chez les patients drépanocytaires au CHU campus de Lomé (TOGO). Transfusion clinique et biologique. 2005, vol. 12, N° 6 : 423-426
- UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012 WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Roopam Jain, Perkins J, Johnson ST et al. A prospective study for prevalence and/or development of transfusion-transmitted infections in multiply transfused thalassemia major patients
- Asian J Transfus Sci. 2012; 6(2): 151–154.
- Karimi M, Ghavanini AA. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies among multitransfused thalassaemic children in Shiraz, Iran. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001;37:564–6
- Noah Noah D, Njouom R, Bonny A, Pirsou, Meli J, Biwole Sida M (2011). HBs antigene prevalence in blood donors and the risk of transfusion of hepatitis B at the central hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon. Open journal of gastroenterology; 1: 23-27
- Mbanya D. N. Serological findings among first-time blood donors in Yaounde, Cameroon: is safe donation a reality or a myth? Transfusion Medecine 13 (5): 267-273
- Mbanya D N, Tayou C. Blood safety begins with safe donations: update among blood donors in Yaounde, Cameroon. Transfusion Medecine. 2005; 15 (5): 395-399
- Emmanuel JC. Transfusion in economically restricted countries. Africa Health 1996;18:10-11
- Blood safety: proposal to establish World Blood Donor Day. Report by the Secretariat. Executive Board 115th Session. World Health Organization, 2004
- Ogunrinde G O, Keshinro M I, Ige S O. HIV seropositivity in children with sickle cell disease. Annals of African Medicine Vol. 4, No. 3; 2005: 104 – 106
- Ubesie AC, Emodi IJ, Ikefuna AN et al. Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission among Transfused Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Enugu Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2012; 2(2): 109–113Ware RE,
- Zimmerman SA, Schultz WH. Hydroxyurea as an alternative to blood transfusion for the prevention of recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell disease. Blood 1999;94:3022-3026
References
Mbopi Keou F-X, Belec F, Esungue PM et al. World health Organization clinical case definition for AIDS in Africa: an analysis of evaluations. East African Medical Journal 1992. 69: 550-553.
Belec L, Brogean T, Mbopi Keou F X et al. AIDS surveillance in Africa: an analysis of evaluations of the world health organization clinical case definition and other clinical definitions for AIDS. Epidemiologic Reviews 1994, 16: 403-447.
Rapport national de suivi de la déclaration politique sur le VIH/SIDA Cameroun 30 mars 2012. Comité National de Lutte contre le SIDA /Groupe Technique Central.
Tagny CT, Mbanya D, Leballais L et al. Reduction of the risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by using an HIV antigen/antibody combination assay in blood donation screening in Cameroon. Transfusion 2011; 51(1):184-90
Segbena A-Y, Prince-David M, Samdapa Winde Kagone T et al. Virus de l’immunodéficience humaine et virus des hépatites virales C et B chez les patients drépanocytaires au CHU campus de Lomé (TOGO). Transfusion clinique et biologique. 2005, vol. 12, N° 6 : 423-426
UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012 WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Roopam Jain, Perkins J, Johnson ST et al. A prospective study for prevalence and/or development of transfusion-transmitted infections in multiply transfused thalassemia major patients
Asian J Transfus Sci. 2012; 6(2): 151–154.
Karimi M, Ghavanini AA. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies among multitransfused thalassaemic children in Shiraz, Iran. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001;37:564–6
Noah Noah D, Njouom R, Bonny A, Pirsou, Meli J, Biwole Sida M (2011). HBs antigene prevalence in blood donors and the risk of transfusion of hepatitis B at the central hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon. Open journal of gastroenterology; 1: 23-27
Mbanya D. N. Serological findings among first-time blood donors in Yaounde, Cameroon: is safe donation a reality or a myth? Transfusion Medecine 13 (5): 267-273
Mbanya D N, Tayou C. Blood safety begins with safe donations: update among blood donors in Yaounde, Cameroon. Transfusion Medecine. 2005; 15 (5): 395-399
Emmanuel JC. Transfusion in economically restricted countries. Africa Health 1996;18:10-11
Blood safety: proposal to establish World Blood Donor Day. Report by the Secretariat. Executive Board 115th Session. World Health Organization, 2004
Ogunrinde G O, Keshinro M I, Ige S O. HIV seropositivity in children with sickle cell disease. Annals of African Medicine Vol. 4, No. 3; 2005: 104 – 106
Ubesie AC, Emodi IJ, Ikefuna AN et al. Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission among Transfused Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Enugu Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2012; 2(2): 109–113Ware RE,
Zimmerman SA, Schultz WH. Hydroxyurea as an alternative to blood transfusion for the prevention of recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell disease. Blood 1999;94:3022-3026