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ABSTRACT
Objectif. Au Cameroun 62.9% des cas de cancer du col sont diagnostiqués à un stade avancé. Cette situation pourrait être améliorée en multipliant les opportunités de dépistage. Afin de Le but de notre étude était de décrire la prévalence de la cytologie cervicale anormale pendant la grossesse et le post-partum Méthodologie. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale et descriptive. Nous avons relevé dans les services d’anatomopathologie les résultats des frottis cervico utérin, faits chez des patientes enceintes ou en post- partum de Janvier 2010 à Décembre 2012, au centre hospitalier d’Essos, au centre hospitalier universitaire de Yaoundé et à l’ hôpital gynéco obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé. Résultats. 252 frottis cervico utérin ont été enregistés; 173 ont été réalisés chez des femmes enceintes et 79 chez des femmes en post-partum. Pour 235 (93,6%) des patientes incluses ces frottis cervico utérin étaient les tous premiers. Les Frottis cervico utérin en grossesse ont été fait avant 22 semaines d’aménorrhée dans 68,7% des cas. Aucune fausse couche ni menace d’avortement, ni accouchement prématuré n’a été observé. 6,3% (16) des frottis ont mis en evidence des dysplasies du col utérin: 4% d’Atypies des cellules malpighiennes de signification indéterminée (ASC-US) et 2,4% de lésions malpighiennes intraépithéliales de bas grade (LSIL). Aucune lesion de haut grade ni de cancer n’a été diagnostiqué. Conclusion. Au Cameroun, le dépistage du frottis vaginal pendant le bilan de grossesse et le puepuerium peuvent offrir de nombreuses opportunités d'optimiser la prévention du cancer du col de l'utérus.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective.In Cameroon, 62.9% of cervical cancer are diagnosed in the latest stage of the disease. This may be different if opprotuiies of screening were multiplied. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology in pregnancy and post-partum. Methods. This was a cross sectional retrospective and descriptive study. Data of interest were the type and grade of cervical epithelial lesions observed on pregnant or post-partum women received at the Essos hospital center, the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde and The Yaounde Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, from January 2010 to December 2012. We collected datas from the Cervico-Vaginal pap smear Registars regarding to the Bethesda System. Results. 252 women were screened with conventional Pap smear. Among the 252 women, 173 were pregnants and 79 were in post partum. 162 (64.3%) were between 16 and 31 years olds. 235 (93.6%) women have never had a pap smear in the past. Conventional Pap smear was taken at < 22 weeks of gestation in 68.7% of cases. No miscarriage nor threatened abortion or premature delivery was observed. The prevalence of cervical dysplasia was 6.3% (16); 4% Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 2.4% Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. No high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, nor cancer was observed. Conclusion. Pap smear screening during pregnancy workup and puepuerium may provide opportunities to optimized cervical cancer prevention in Cameroon.
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References
- Sando Z, Fouogue JT, Fouelifack FY, Fouedjio JH, Mboudou ET, Oyono JL. Profil des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires à Yaoundé - Cameroun. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2014 [cité 4 mai 2018];17. Disponible sur: http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/17/28/full/
- Mbakop A, Yomi J, Yankeum J, Nkegoum B, Sone AM. Localisations des cancers chez les hommes et les femmes âgés de plus de 50 ans au Cameroun. Bull Cancer (Paris). 29 déc 1997;84(12):1119‑22.
- Gynaecology BUA com$Department of O and, Hospital U of CT, Calabar, Medicine NE of C, Calabar U of, Calabar, et al. Prevalence of Abnormal Cervical Cytology among Postnatal Clinic Attendees at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Open Access Libr J. 2016;03(09):1.
- Duggan B, Muderspach LI, Roman LD, Curtin JP, d’Ablaing G, Morrow CP. Cervical cancer in pregnancy: reporting on planned delay in therapy. Obstet Gynecol. oct 1993;82(4 Pt 1):598‑602.
- Morice P, Narducci F, Mathevet P, Marret H, Darai E, Querleu D, et al. French recommendations on the management of invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. déc 2009;19(9):1638‑41.
- Nygård M, Daltveit A-K, Thoresen SØ, Nygård JF. Effect of an antepartum Pap smear on the coverage of a cervical cancer screening programme: a population-based prospective study. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. déc 2007 [cité 5 mai 2018];7(1). Disponible sur: http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-7-10
- Radha Bai Prabhu T, Damodara Velayudham , Swati Nethaji, Harshita singhal, Ramya venkatachalam, Damodara Velayudham, Swati Nethaji, Harshita singhal, Ramya venkatachalam. Opportunistic cervical cancer screening in pregnancy. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2016;5(1):278‑81.
- Fadimatu Bakari, Muhammad A Abdul, Saad A Ahmed. The prevalence and course of preinvasive cervical lesions during pregnancy in a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Ann Afr Med. 2017;16(2):74‑80.
References
Sando Z, Fouogue JT, Fouelifack FY, Fouedjio JH, Mboudou ET, Oyono JL. Profil des cancers gynécologiques et mammaires à Yaoundé - Cameroun. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2014 [cité 4 mai 2018];17. Disponible sur: http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/17/28/full/
Mbakop A, Yomi J, Yankeum J, Nkegoum B, Sone AM. Localisations des cancers chez les hommes et les femmes âgés de plus de 50 ans au Cameroun. Bull Cancer (Paris). 29 déc 1997;84(12):1119‑22.
Gynaecology BUA com$Department of O and, Hospital U of CT, Calabar, Medicine NE of C, Calabar U of, Calabar, et al. Prevalence of Abnormal Cervical Cytology among Postnatal Clinic Attendees at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Open Access Libr J. 2016;03(09):1.
Duggan B, Muderspach LI, Roman LD, Curtin JP, d’Ablaing G, Morrow CP. Cervical cancer in pregnancy: reporting on planned delay in therapy. Obstet Gynecol. oct 1993;82(4 Pt 1):598‑602.
Morice P, Narducci F, Mathevet P, Marret H, Darai E, Querleu D, et al. French recommendations on the management of invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc. déc 2009;19(9):1638‑41.
Nygård M, Daltveit A-K, Thoresen SØ, Nygård JF. Effect of an antepartum Pap smear on the coverage of a cervical cancer screening programme: a population-based prospective study. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. déc 2007 [cité 5 mai 2018];7(1). Disponible sur: http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-7-10
Radha Bai Prabhu T, Damodara Velayudham , Swati Nethaji, Harshita singhal, Ramya venkatachalam, Damodara Velayudham, Swati Nethaji, Harshita singhal, Ramya venkatachalam. Opportunistic cervical cancer screening in pregnancy. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2016;5(1):278‑81.
Fadimatu Bakari, Muhammad A Abdul, Saad A Ahmed. The prevalence and course of preinvasive cervical lesions during pregnancy in a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Ann Afr Med. 2017;16(2):74‑80.